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What is an environmental management system ? An environmental management system helps organizations identify, manage, monitor and control their environmental issues in a “holistic” manner. There are many reasons why an organization should take a strategic approach to improving its environmental performance.
It requires that an organization considers all environmental issues relevant to its operations, such as air pollution, water and sewage issues, waste management, soil contamination, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and resource use and efficiency.
Like all ISO management system standards, ISO 14001 includes the need for continual improvement of an organization’s systems and approach to environmental concerns. The standard has recently been revised, with key improvements such as the increased prominence of environmental management within the organization’s strategic planning processes, greater input from leadership and a stronger commitment to proactive initiatives that boost environmental performance
Encourage better environmental performance of suppliers.
ISO 14001:2015:
ISO 14001:2015 sets out the criteria for an environmental management system and can be certified to. It maps out a framework that a company or organization can follow to set up an effective environmental management system. It can be used by any organization regardless of its activity or sector. Using ISO 14001:2015 can provide assurance to company management and employees as well as external stakeholders that environmental impact is being measured and improved. Benefits of Environmental Management System:
Demonstrate compliance with current and future statutory and regulatory requirements
Increase leadership involvement and engagement of employees
Improve company reputation and the confidence of stakeholders through strategic communication
Achieve strategic business aims by incorporating environmental issues into business management • Provide a competitive and financial advantage through improved efficiencies and reduced costs
Encourage better environmental performance of suppliers by integrating them into the organization’s business systems.
A stronger commitment to proactive initiatives that boost environmental performance.
Achieve strategic business aims by incorporating environmental issues into business management.
A focus on life-cycle thinking, to consider the environment from development to end-of-life
Certification Procedure
Application for certification from client
Submission of offer by IRQS
Acceptance of Offer by client and Confirmation of aggreement by both client organization and IRQS.
ISO 9001 is one of the most popular quality management system standards in the international stage. Before you embark on a journey to adopt it, however, you need to have an in-depth understanding of ISO 9001 basics to make it work for you.
Understanding ISO 9001
A quality management system (QMS) is a way of doing things in your organization to achieve intended results aligned with your overall goals. It genrally consists of a structure of processes, people, machines, and other resources to realize quality objectives. ISO 9001 is the international standard for quality management systems across all industries, and particularly in manufacturing.
It is a uniform and well-organized platform used by organizations that enable them to perform consistent quality management. This, in turn, helps create satisfied employees and customers, as well as continual improvement.
Is ISO 9001 for everyone? Many companies are becoming more aware that their customers want a guarantee that the products and services they are looking to buy will meet their quality requirements.
Customers are looking for a definitive assurance that the products they purchase have gone through quality management best practices. The ISO 9001 model comes closest to such an assurance.
8 ISO 9001 basics
The 8 ISO 9001 basics are built on quality management principles that enable organizations to embed consistent quality into their products and create value for their customers. These principles are based on a range of norms, rules, and values that are regarded as true and acceptable worldwide.
The 8 ISO basics that you need to understand are:
One: The Customer is at the Center of it All
The primary focus of QMS is to meet and exceed customer expectations. You begin to see ISO 9001 at work when you observe increased repeat businesses from loyal customers and an expansion of your customer base with new customers. It is important for companies to use their ISO 9001 QMS to plan, develop, and deliver goods and services that satisfy customer quality requirements.
Two: Leaders at all Levels Need to Ensure Unity of Purpose and Direction
Leaders don’t have to tell, order, or command employees to do something. True leadership requires developing a work culture in which people know and do what needs to be done under a unified purpose and direction. Leading by example is a good mantra that encourages employees to develop dependable work ethics without much prodding or goading. Leaders also need to improve coordination and communication systems among all functions in the organization to meet the desired quality objectives.
Three: Engaged Employees are Productive Employees
Engagement of people is reasonably one of the most important ISO 9001 basics, people being an organization’s most important asset. When employees are engaged, they become more competent, empowered, and dependable to deliver value. Engaging people means respecting them as individuals, giving them recognition for their achievements, enhancing their personal and professional development, and constantly communicating with them.
Four: Understand the Process Approach
Leaders need to make their people understand that each individual activity they do is part of a host of processes that should link together to form one cohesive system. Leaders, employees, machines, and processes don’t each work in a silo. Their individual activities should be managed as interrelated processes to meet one objective. This process approach helps achieve more predictable and consistent results. It also enhances the ability of people to focus their effort on key processes for improvement.
Five: Keep Improving
Successful organizations give importance to constant improvement. With a positive outlook on improvement, they can better react to changes in the internal and external environments if necessary. For example, technologies with which many processes are built come and go; they evolve too quickly or become obsolete. To prevent this from happening, employees at all levels need to be trained on how to apply new tools and methodologies. Leaders also need to integrate allowances for improvement on new products, services, and processes.
Six: Base Decision Making on Evidence
Decision making can be a complex process that involves multiple inputs and interpretations. All data that are needed by decision makers should be accurate, reliable, and secure, and should be evaluated by competent people using suitable methods. Accurate facts and proper data analysis lead to more objective and confident decision making.
Seven: Foster Relationships with Relevant Partners
Successful organizations establish relationships with relevant partners that help influence the performance of their organizations. Partners may include suppliers, resellers, investors, employees, customers, and the community.
Aside from their employees and customers, companies may want to give importance to their suppliers, resellers, and investors to sustain the continuum in the supply chain.
Eight: Implement a System Approach
The process approach is interrelated to the system approach; in fact, it’s part of the system approach. This means that understanding, analyzing, and managing interrelated processes help in creating a coherent system that contributes efficiency and effectiveness in attaining organizational objectives.
Understanding the ISO 9001 basics is an important first step in deciding if you need an ISO 9001 QMS. Before you take that plunge, you may want to ask yourself two questions. Why do you want to implement the standard? And is your senior management on board?
Measuring Instruments & their Application
By:- Dipen Patel
Types of Precision Measuring Instruments Used in Industry
With a need to make quality products which meet design specified tolerances, a large number of firms, research and development centers, and school and college laboratories use measuring instruments that have high accuracy and precision. The special branch of science that deals with such instruments is known as metrology. Here we will look at the features and use of certain well known precision measuring instruments used for linear measurement.
1. Vernier Caliper: It is an instrumentused to measure internal and external dimensions of an object with a great accuracy. It is provided with inward jaws and outward jaws to facilitate the measurement. A screw clamp is provided that can lock the position of the vernier scale, so that the instrument can be moved without disturbing the reading. A manually operated vernier caliper has a main scale (in millimeters or inches) and a sliding vernier scale attached to the movable jaw, as shown in the figure.
The term "least count" is used to define the accuracy of a vernier caliper. It is the ratio of the smallest division on the main scale to the total number of divisions on vernier scale. So when we measure a dimension of an object using a vernier caliper, the formula for final dimension is,
Final Dimension=Main scale reading + (Vernier scale reading x Least count
Disadvantage: It is very delicate to choose the vernier scale reading, which is the line on the vernier scale, exactly coinciding to a line on the main scale. Reading accuracy thus depends on the operator’s skill and eyesight.
Nowadays, vernier calipers with digital displays or dial gauges are available. These reduce the complexity of choosing the coincidence of main scale and vernier scale and calculating the final reading as in manually operated vernier caliper. But due to less cost, manually operated vernier calipers are more popular.
2. Micrometer Screw Gauge: To measure diameter of thin wire or thickness of thin metal sheets with accuracy, micrometer screw gauge is very useful. It has U-shape frame with fixed sleeve. Rotating thimble movement is converted to linear movement of spindle. Main scale and vernier scale are displayed on sleeve and thimble respectively.
In the case of the micrometer screw gauge, the least count is the ratio of pitch to the number of divisions on the circular scale. Here the distance moved by the spindle per revolution is termed as "pitch." When we put a wire in between the anvil and spindle, we rotate the spindle till it touches the wire. The ratchet will take care of the excessive pressure on the wire. So the final diameter of wire can be given by the formula
Final reading = Linear scale reading + (Coinciding circular scale reading x Least count)
A digital version of the micrometer screw gauge which gives a direct reading is also available. For special engineering applications like "over-pin diameter of gear" measuring, gear tooth micrometers are provided with ball-anvil spindles which can be changed according to gear profile. Tooth thickness micrometer measures "root tangent of a gear."
3. Dial Indicators: Measurement of deflection is needed in many industrial applications. Examples of this include measurement of the movement of a car body while testing in bending moments and checking the waviness of a surface of a machined component. In both cases, small linear displacements are to be measured with accuracy. Dial indicators, mounted on magnetic stand provide accurate measurements of deflection for the parts under study. They are also available in an electronic version.
4. Height Gauge and Surface plate:Accurate height measurement of machined components can be done with a height gauge placed on a surface plate. The working principle of a height gauge is similar to the vernier caliper. It is available in all the three types, i.e. with a conventional vernier scale or dial gauge or a digital display. The surface plate is a thick solid granite plate placed horizontal to the ground. A sharp pointed scriber is provided on the gauge to make a mark on the object. The object to be measured for height is placed on the surface plate. With the help of an adjusting screw, the scriber can be moved up and down.
Conclusion
Here we discussed the precision measuring instruments for linear measurements widely used in industry according to their features.
Clarify your "selling points" and the reasons you want the job. ...
Anticipate the interviewer's concerns and reservations. ...
Prepare for common interview questions. ...
Line up your questions for the interviewer. ...
Practice, practice, practice.
How to answer 10 most common interview questions
Here are the 10 most frequently asked common interview questions that job seekers face in an interview. Preparing for these questions can help you get the job you want.
What are your strengths?
What are your weaknesses?
Why are you interested in working for [insert company name here]?
Where do you see yourself in five years?
Why do you want to leave your current company?
Why was there a gap in your employment between [insert date] and [insert date]?
What can you offer us that someone else cannot?
What are three things your former manager would like you to improve on?
Tell us about an accomplishment you are most proud of.
Tell us about a time you made a mistake.
Job interview? Or interrogation? Judging by the response, it may as well be the same thing.
A Monster poll conducted recently across India, the Gulf and South East Asia reveals that fear of being interviewed tops the list of reasons why employees find it hard to change jobs. Candidates dread this stage in the recruitment process primarily because there is no way to predict what they will be asked.
With this query, interviewers attempt to assess whether you have the qualities needed for the job. They also want to see how well you understand yourself.
Your strategy: This is your chance to sell yourself. Pick three or four of your strengths that are relevant to the job and illustrate them with examples, if necessary.
Sample answer: If you are interviewing for a marketing job, say something like, "One of my strengths is persuasion. I am a keen observer of people and quick to discern personalities. It helps me understand people and those insights help me convert them to my point of view."
Interviewers want to assess your character with this question. Also, check whether you have any flaws that will hinder the discharge of your duties in case you are hired. It's also a good way for them to see how you deal with your weaknesses.
Your strategy: Don't pick any weakness that is a fundamental flaw in your personality as an answer. Instead, choose those that are significant but not enough to lead the interviewers to form a negative opinion of you. State your weaknesses and proceed to explain how you've been working to address them. Or you could choose a weakness that is not directly relevant to the job profile you are interviewing for.
Sample answer: If you are interviewing for the post of an accountant, it is okay to say that your language skills are not very good. Though they do not hamper the discharge of your duties in any significant manner, add that you are working to address this weakness because you realize that good language skills are necessary at work.
How to answer: What's Your Biggest Weakness?
Q3: Why are you interested in working for [insert company name here]?
The objective of this question is to assess how serious the candidate is about seeking employment with the company. The interviewer also wants to know how familiar you are with the company’s mission, culture and values and whether you believe you will be a good fit in the organization.
Your strategy: What you say will tell the interviewer how the job fits in with your long-term career plans.
Sample answer: You could answer, "I have wanted to work in this organization for a long time now, so when I heard about a vacancy in your company that fit my profile, I immediately applied for it. I admire the way you successfully combine commerce with socially responsible business and would love to be a part of an organization that looks at business in a holistic manner."
Q4: Where do you see yourself in five years?
The interviewer wants to know about your career goals and where this position figures in it. Hiring a new employee is costly, so he/she wants to be sure you are coming on board for the long haul. Your answer will also tell the interviewer how realistic you are with regard to career prospects.
Your strategy: It is best to answer this question generically without getting into too much detail. Reiterate what the job will do for your career and why you are interested in working with this organization in particular. And of course, don’t be naive enough to say, "In your position!"
Sample answer: "I see myself having grown both with regard to expertise in my field as well as within the company set-up. I picture myself in a leadership role contributing more to the growth of the organization. At the same time, I also see a tremendous growth in my own skills and capabilities," is a good way to go.
Q5. Why do you want to leave your current company?
The interviewer is certain to ask this question, so prepare for it. The answer will tell him several things about your attitude, career goals, professional values and sense of maturity and judgment.
Your strategy: The best way to tackle this question is to say that you are looking for better opportunities. If you've been laid off, tell the truth, and explain how you've been unlucky. It is better to be honest and explain your position than be caught lying about your circumstances.
Sample answer: Try, "I have put in a number of years in my current organization, performed well and risen through the ranks, but I would now like something more challenging. I believe this job will provide me with exactly such an opportunity."
Q6: Why was there a gap in your employment between [insert date] and [insert date]?
Your strategy: While short gaps in employment may go unnoticed, a gap of two months or more requires an explanation. It's wise to stick with the truth. If you were fired, you ought to have a good explanation that doesn't veer very far from the truth, but does not paint you in bad light either. If you had to leave, you will have to explain why things got so bad that you had to resign without finding another job.
In any case, highlight what you've done in the interim like freelancing, consulting or volunteering. This will tell the interviewer that you've been productive during this period and broadened your skill-base.
Sample answer: In case you left because of a conflict with your boss, say differences did not allow you to work well together. Don’t forget to add what you realized in hindsight to show how the incident has helped you grow. Never badmouth your boss; act mature and accept the fact that both of you were responsible for the situation spinning out of control.
Q7: What can you offer us that someone else cannot?
This is an extension of the earlier question on your strengths. If the interviewer has already asked you about your strengths, then asking this question means he/she would like an answer that is more specific to your job. A variant of this question could be, "Why should we hire you?" The answer will help the interviewer compare what you bring to the table vis-a-vis the others.
Your strategy: Prepare for this by referring closely to the job description. List out your other strengths and connect them to the requirements mentioned in the job advert.
Sample answer: You could say, "I have already mentioned my strengths, but if you were to ask me about something unique which I bring, I would say it's my attention to detail. Though it can be annoying for others, this trait of mine has saved several situations from turning into disasters in the past."
Q8: What are three things your former manager would like you to improve on?
This is a variant of the weakness question. If the interviewer has asked you this question in addition to the one on weakness, it means he/she wants to know what others think of you.
Your strategy: Try and recollect your performance reviews, mention what they said, and talk about the steps you’ve taken to address those weaknesses. Keep it real, but refrain from mentioning any serious flaw that could jeopardize your chances of making it through the interview round.
Sample answer: "Amongst the feedback I received, I was told that I wasn’t assertive enough. Though I was performing well at my job and meeting targets, my boss once told me that I would do even better if I was more assertive at the workplace," is a good way to position a weakness in a constructive manner.
Q9: Tell us about an accomplishment you are most proud of.
The answer to this question will tell the interviewer what drives you, your professional values, suitability for the job and how you can make yourself useful to the organization.
Your strategy: It is best to stick to a professional example. Provide numbers where possible -- this is a language that interviewers love and understand.
Sample answer: Go with, "I am extremely proud of the time we worked on a project with XXX company. The selection was a gruelling process, but we managed to land the deal. The company needed services that were of the highest standards and I am proud to say that we surpassed their expectations. In fact, we succeeded in converting them into our regular clients. As project leader, I was extremely proud of this achievement."
Q10: Tell us about a time you made a mistake.
This is amongst the toughest questions because you are being asked to cite a specific instance of failure. It is a behavior-based question that will give the interviewer insight into your personality and the kind of mistakes you are prone to making. It will reveal how you handle failure and whether you are capable of learning from it.
Your strategy: Again, be candid but refrain from citing an ugly truth. Be sure to talk about what you learned from the experience.
Sample answer: "While working for one of my previous employers, there was something I required from another department. Instead of speaking to the department head, I told a member of the team who was my friend. I expected him to go and tell his boss about it, but he didn’t. As a result, the goods weren't delivered and we missed our target date. There was a great deal of confusion over the episode but thankfully it was all sorted out. From that day on, in all professional matters, I make it a point to communicate directly with the department head," is a good response.
Conclusion
It's difficult to determine what questions you'll be asked in an interview. But you can check with others who may have interviewed/already work with the organization to gauge what your interviewer could want to know. Or cross-reference the job ad with your resume and work out a possible list of questions. The one thing you can be certain of is that if you go in prepared, you are sure to impress an interviewer. If you are looking for an exhaustive list common interview questions, here are top 100 interview questions to help you succeed in a job interview.
First Angle Projection is commonly used in all countries other than United States. The Indian Standard Institution (ISI) recommend the use of First Angle Projection method now in all the institutions.
Third Angle Projection is commonly used in United States of America.
What's the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy and precision are used in context of measurement, e.g. the size of a project.
Accuracy and precision are alike only in the fact that they both refer to the quality of a measurement, but they are very different indicators of a measurement.
Accuracy is the degree of closeness to true value. Precision is the degree to which an instrument or process will repeat the same value. In other words, accuracy is the degree of veracity while precision is the degree of reproducibility.
What does accuracy mean?
If a measurement is accurate it means that it agrees closely with the accepted standard for that measurement. For example, if we estimate a project's size to x and the actual size of the finished project is equal to or very close to x, then it is accurate, but it might not be precise. Thus, the closer a system's measurements to the accepted value, the more accurate the system is considered to be.
What does precision mean?
A measurement that is precise means that it agrees with other measurements of the same thing. Again in the sense of projects, if we estimate the size of many of them and they, in the end, are all close to or equal to what we estimated, then we can start to get a sense of the precision of our estimates. But first and foremost we want each of them to be as accurate as possible.
How the terms relate
Accuracy can be determined by one measurement while many measurements are needed to determine precision. For instance, by looking at the image above, just by one bullet fired, one knows if it is accurate or not, but a number of bullets have to be fired to know if the result is precise or not. Bullets that hit closer to the bullseye are considered more accurate. If a large number of bullets are fired, precision would be the size of the bullet cluster and not how close they are to the bullseye.
Remember that our measurement system is intended to give us a high confidence in the data that we use to decide on estimation accuracy, so we can determine root causes and improve over time.
In short we can say that we want all our estimates to hit the target first (be accurate to within a certain limit), and then we can concentrate on the precision afterwards. In this sense it is not possible to reliably achieve accuracy in individual measurements without precision.
I hope this has clarified how to use the two terms properly and as always, feel free to contact us for more information.
CNC programming.(Computer Numerical Control Programming) is utilized by manufacturers to create program instructions for computers to control a machine tool. CNC is highly involved in the manufacturing process and improves automation as well as flexibility.
Types of CNC machines
CNC programmers write instructions for CNC machines, where a computer is connected to the mill, along with electrical drives and sensors for a complete system. This computer controls the movement of the machine axis.
3-axis machining
The most common CNC machines produced commercially. Used for simple prismatic parts—to complex molds, medical or aerospace parts.
4-axis simultaneous
This type of machining is necessary when part geometry wraps around a part, common in the aerospace and other industries.
5-axis machining
Popular in parts where complex shapes and small clearances, are the norm—such as impellers, turbines, intake ports and more.
Lathe and mill turn
Lathes and mill turn machines are capable of turning a part and drilling, cutting, or carving out the shape that is needed.
